Lithuanian Journal of Physics article / Lietuvos fizikos žurnalo straipsnis

SUBCYCLE VECTOR OPTICAL PULSED BULLETS CARRYING OPTICAL ANGULAR MOMENTUM
Klemensas Laurinavičius, Justas Berškys, and Sergej Orlov
Coherent Optics Laboratory, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
Email: klemensas.laurinavicius@ftmc.lt

Received 23 June 2025; revised 18 August 2025; accepted 15 September 2025

The generation and experimental realization of nondiffracting and nondispersive light pulses remain a difficult challenge in the field of optics. Recent advances in ultrafast optics allow for the production of high-power, few-cycle pulses with a significant fluence. Applying these capabilities to nondiffracting and nondispersive beams requires a thorough mathematical framework for describing highly focused vector pulses. In this study, we investigate vector optical bullets propagating in free space and in dielectric media, considering multiple polarization states such as linear, azimuthal and radial ones. We also note the differences between the vectorial and scalar models. Furthermore, we explore various group velocities: superluminal, subluminal and negative. Special attention is given to higher-order topological charges, revealing their influence on the spatial structure and propagation dynamics of these pulses. Finally, we demonstrate the possibility of generating subcycle duration pulsed beams, both in vacuum and in dielectric material, while preserving their nondiffracting and nondispersive characteristics, and investigate their spatial intensity distributions and temporal durations while also showcasing individual component influences on the total intensities.
Keywords: subcycle pulses, nondiffracting, optical bullets, optical angular momentum

SUBCIKLINIAI VEKTORINIAI OPTINIAI IMPULSAI, NEŠANTYS OPTINĮ JUDESIO KIEKIO MOMENTĄ
Klemensas Laurinavičius, Justas Berškys, Sergej Orlov

Valstybinio mokslinių tyrimų instituto Fizinių ir technologijos mokslų centro Koherentinės optikos laboratorija, Vilnius, Lietuva

Nedifraguojančių ir dispersijai atsparių šviesos impulsų generavimas ir eksperimentinis realizavimas išlieka sudėtingu iššūkiu optikos srityje. Naujausi pasiekimai ultrasparčioje optikoje leidžia generuoti didelės galios kelių ciklų impulsus. Šių savybių pritaikymas difrakcijai ir dispersijai atspariems pluoštams reikalauja išsamios matematinės bazės, aprašančios aštriai fokusuotus vektorinius impulsus. Tyrime nagrinėjami vektoriniai optiniai impulsai, sklindantys laisvoje erdvėje ir dielektrinėje terpėje, atsižvelgiant į įvairias poliarizacijos būsenas, tokias kaip tiesinė, azimutinė ir radialinė. Taip pat pažymimi skirtumai tarp vektorinių ir skaliarinių modelių. Be to, nagrinėjami įvairūs grupiniai greičiai: didesni už šviesos greitį, mažesni už šviesos greitį bei neigiamo grupinio greičio atvejai. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas aukštesniems topologiniams krūviams, atskleidžiant jų poveikį šių impulsų erdvinei struktūrai ir sklidimo dinamikai. Galiausiai parodoma galimybė generuoti subciklinės trukmės impulsinius pluoštus tiek vakuume, tiek dielektrinėse medžiagose, išlaikant jų atsparumą difrakcijai ir dispersijai, bei tiriamas jų erdvinio intensyvumo pasiskirstymas ir laikinė trukmė, kartu analizuojant atskirų sandų įtaką bendram intensyvumui.

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