[PDF]    https://doi.org/10.3952/physics.2026.66.1.3

Open access article / Atviros prieigos straipsnis
Lith. J. Phys. 66, 20–29 (2026)
 


COULD CAROTENOIDS ADVANCE THE SENSING PROPERTIES OF KL1421 LUMINOPHORE? THEORETICAL STUDY
 
Jelena Tamulienėa, Teodora Kirovab, Artis Kinensc,d, and Roman Viterb
aInstitute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
 
bFaculty of Exact Sciences and Technologies, University of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas Street, 1004 Riga, Latvia
 
cFaculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Street, 1004 Riga, Latvia
 
dLatvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Street 21, 1006 Riga, Latvia
 
Email: jelena.tamuliene@tfai.vu.lt

  Received 16 May 2025; accepted 15 June 2025

This computational chemistry research was performed using Becke’s three-parameter hybrid functional approach with the non-local correlation provided by Lee, Yang and Parr, and the cc-pVTZ basis set. The geometry, its change, and the charge redistribution in KL1421 when the molecule interacts with carotenoids and/or sensed molecules such as NH3 and acetic acid were studied. The orbital diagrams were used to illustrate the excitations and their variations resulting from the formation of the above complexes. The increase in molar absorptivity is observed in compounds with carotenoids, leading to a higher absorbance of KL1421. The latter allows us to conclude that a large amount of energy could be emitted, or the emission becomes longer. Additionally, the analysis of the oscillator strengths reveals that the strong interaction among species in KL1421 could facilitate radiation emission. We concluded that carotenoids could improve the sensing properties of the KL1421 luminophore.
Keywords: luminophore, carotenoids, acetic acid, NH3


AR KAROTENOIDAI GALI PAGERINTI KL1421 LIUMINOFORO JUTIKLINES SAVYBES? TEORINIS TYRIMAS
  Jelena Tamulienėa, Teodora Kirovab, Artis Kinensc,d, Roman Viterb
aVilniaus universiteto Teorinės fizikos ir astronomijos institutas, Vilnius, Lietuva
 
bLatvijos universiteto Tiksliųjų mokslų ir technologijų fakultetas, Ryga, Latvija
 
cLatvijos universiteto Medicinos ir gyvybės mokslų fakultetas, Ryga, Latvija
 
dLatvijos organinės sintezės institutas, Ryga, Latvija
 
Pristatomų tyrimų tikslas – nustatyti, ar karotenoidai gali pagerinti KL1421 liuminoforo jutiklines savybes. Teorinis modeliavimas atliktas taikant vieną iš tankio funkcionalo artinį B3LYP kartu su cc-pVTZ baze. Buvo ištirta KL1421 molekulės geometrinė ir elektroninė struktūra bei jos pokyčiai dėl šios molekulės sąveikos su karotenoidais ir (arba) aptinkamomis molekulėmis, tokiomis kaip NH3 ir acto rūgštis. Taip pat apskaičiuotas tiriamų darinių UV–Vis spektras.
 Nustatyta, kad KL1421 geometrinė ir elektroninė struktūra nežymiai kinta dėl sąveikos su karotenoidais ir aptinkamomis molekulėmis. Konjuguotų dvigubų jungčių skaičius karotenoiduose neturi įtakos minėtiems pokyčiams KL1421 karotenoido junginiuose, tačiau tampa svarbus, kai KL1421 ir arotenoidų junginyje yra NH3 arba acto rūgšties. Taip pat nustatyta, kad KL1421 ir butadieno sąveika su aptinkamomis molekulėmis gali padidinti junginio dipolinį momentą, o KL1421 ir heksatrieno – sumažinti. Remiantis šiais rezultatais daroma išvada, kad geometrinės ir elektroninės struktūros pokyčiai priklauso nuo karotenoidų ir aptinkamų molekulių sąveikos, ką patvirtina molekulinių orbitalių analizė. Be to, nustatyta, kad tiriamų junginių optinės savybės taip pat priklauso nuo karotenoido tipo junginyje.
 Analizuojant sužadinimus nustatyta, kad KL1421 negali aptikti NH3, nors KL1421 karotenoido junginys gali tai padaryti. Molinei absorbcijai būdinga didesnė tiriamo junginio absorbcija su karotenoidais nei be jų. Apibendrinus gautus rezultatus, daroma išvada, kad karotenoidai gali pagerinti KL1421 – naujų organinių liuminoforų – aptikimo savybes.


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